BACKGROUND1. Governments slowly began to centralize. Fighting was still common, but it frequently took place between large kingdoms instead of small, local warlords.
2. The economy began to expand. A slightly warming climate allowed for greater crop yields. A slightly higher standard of living was possible, especially for nobles.
3. The combination of better government and economy gave rise to a larger noble class. These "lords" were landowners and frequently educated by the church.
4. The church and monastic orders (monks) are still the best educated class and politically powerful. The Pope may be thought of as being an equal to the most powerful kings.
5. Travel routes began to open up. More communications with East were possible.
6. The Crusading movement begins in 1095 CE and brings thousands of European soldiers into contact with Eastern music, art, etc.
NOT SO PLAIN....CHANT
The chant of the church became more complicated in the middle ages. Two composers in particular, Leonin (1150 - 1201 CE) and Perotin (1180-1238 CE), were very original in their compositions. Both lived and worked in the Cathedral of Notre Dame. Both composed organum, a type of chant with two or more parts instead of a single melody. Organum duplum = 2 parts. Organum triplum = 3 parts. Organum Quadruplum = 4 parts. These types of works are not monophonic. They are polyphonic.
Organum Duplum
Note: THE ART WORK HERE IS SOMEWHAT 3D. IT SHOWS MORE DETAIL THEN THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL ART OF THE DARK AGES. JUST AS ART WAS SHOWING GREATER DEPTH, SO TOO WAS MUSIC!!!
Link:
Organum Quadruplum
MUSIC AT COURT
Adam de la Halle (trouvere)As stated above, the courts or Europe began to be more educated. They hired court musicians that composed music about courtly love and music to dance to. The following links are some examples of the great variety of secular music in medieval Europe.
Dances on Vielle (middle ages fiddle)
Hurdy Gurdy Demonstration (England)
QUESTIONS
1. What does polyphonic mean?
2. What is a troubador?
3. What is a trouvere?
4. What was the Holy Roman Empire? Who was its greatest ruler?
5. Where is the Cathedral of Notre Dame?
6. Why was Western Europe so concerned about the Holy Land that they went to war in 1095 CE (crusades)?
7. What does secular mean?
1. Polyphonic is a style of two or more simultaneous melodic lines.
ReplyDelete2. A troubadour was lyric poets from southern France and northern Italy with their major theme as love.
3. A trouvère was a school of poets from the 11th to 14th centuries and composed narritive works.
4. The Holy Roman Empire was of varying extent in medieval and medern Europe. Its greatest ruler was Otto I.
5. The Cathedral of Notre Dame is in Paris, France.
6. It was an aguement of religon between Christans and Muslims.
7. Secular is not specificly religious.
-Alex
Polyphonic means having two or more individual but musically complementing melodic pieces combined at once.
ReplyDeleteA troubador is a knightly poets or music composers that wrote mostly of Courtly love.
A trouvere is a schooled poet that mostly produced narrative works.
The Holy Roman Empire was a huge political area in Europe that lasted from 962 a.d. through 1806 a.d. Their greatest ruler was Charlemagne.
The Cathedral of Notre Dame is located in Paris, France.
Western Europe's concerns that caused them to go to war were: the Turks took over Jerusalem; massacred 3000 christians; and they belived that thery were fighting in the name of god.
Secular means not religious.
Micheal
1.Music with more than 2 vocal parts.
ReplyDelete2.A class a lyrical poets whose major theme was love.
3.one of a school of poets who composed mostly narrative works.
4.the church of rome, having power and leadership over some rulers. It's ruler was the pope.
5.Paris, France
6.There were people ruling the holy land that they did not want in power, so, they fought for it.
7.to not belong to a religious order.
-Ben
1.polyphonic means there have more than one kinds of sounds in one tone.
ReplyDelete2.a troubador is a kind of poet that usually write love poem.
3.a trouvere is a kind of poet who write narrative poem.
4.The Holy Roman Empire was a nation during 962 AD to 1806 AD. The greatest ruler was the king.
5.Paris, France
6.The people during that time in the fight between the Christans and Muslims, they didn't want to be involved in it.
7.real world, not religious
Jessica